| Study, Year (Reference) | Location | Interventions | Mother–Infant Pairs Enrolled, n | Mother-to-Child Transmission Rate, % | Cesarean Section Rate, % | Breastfeeding Rate, % | Internal Validity Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children, 200288 | Italy | No antiretroviral agents | 2440 | 18.5 | 97.7 overall, 69.9 elective | 2.8 overall | Good |
| ZDV alone | 743 | 6.1 | |||||
| >2 antiretroviral agents | 248 | 1.6 | |||||
| Women and Infants' Transmission Study, 200282 | US | No antiretroviral agents | 396 | 20.0 | 20.1 | No infant was breastfed | Good |
| ZDV alone | 710 | 10.4 | 24.0 | ||||
| 2 antiretroviral agents | 186 | 3.8 | 33.8 | ||||
| HAART | 250 | 1.2 | 44.4b | ||||
| European Collaborative Study, 200589 | Europe | No antiretroviral agents | 157 | 11.5 | 16 emergency, 61 elective overall | 2 overall (through 2000) | Good |
| HAART | 918 | 1.2 | |||||
| French Perinatal Study, 200190 | France | ZDV alone (historical control group) | 858 | 6.8 | 16 elective | 0.3 | Fair (used historical controls) |
| Lamivudine + ZDV from 32nd wk of pregnancy and to the child for 6 wk | 437 | 1.6 | 22 elective | 0.5 |
aHAART = highly active
antiretroviral therapy; ZDV = zidovudine.
b.p=0.0001.
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